Coat of Arms of Pope Julius III Flanked by Personifications of Faith and Charity

The focus of this drawing is the coat of arms of Pope Julius III del Monte, who reigned from 1550 to 1555 and whose family crest consists of the triple monti (hills) and laurel branches. The escutcheon is flanked by allegories of Faith and Charity. The elegance of the figures and the coloristic effects of the brown wash and white heightening technique on light brown paper make the attribution to Parmigianino—under whose name the drawing was sold in the early twentieth century and whose name is inscribed at lower left in black chalk— comprehensible. It was Philip Pouncey who, in 1958, recognized the hand of Niccolò dell’Abate and suggested that the drawing dates from ca. 1550–51, early in the artist’s career and before his departure to France in 1552. As subsequently noted by Sylvie Béguin, the drawing is most likely a study for a lost fresco of the arms of Pope Julius III painted by Niccolò under the portico of the church of Santa Maria dei Servi in Bologna. Malvasia described the fresco simply as “L’arme con gl’angeli” (coat of arms with angels), and the graceful figures enveloped in the folds of drapery might easily have been mistaken for angels.¹ The fresco was later altered to show the arms of the Bolognese pope Pope Gregory XIII (r. 1572–85) before its destruction in 1797.²

The election to the papacy as Julius III on 7 February 1550 of Cardinal Giovanni Maria del Monte, who had been papal legate to Bologna since 1547, was cause for celebration in that city. The coat of arms was likely painted for the occasion. A complex allegorical fresco of the pope’s horoscope devised by the Bolognese humanist Giovanni Andrea Bianchi, called Albio, is recorded as having been commissioned by the city for the facade of casa dei Carbonesi in via Mamolo (now via d’Azeglio), close to the church of San Giacomo dei Carbonesi.³ The fresco is known through two drawings preserved in the Louvre, one a design for the complete composition, the other for a female allegory.⁴ Also drawn in pen and ink and wash, and in the case of the figure study similarly heightened with white, the Louvre drawings feature equally graceful figures as the Morgan study. In comparison, however, the present sheet is highly finished and much more refined. Indeed, this drawing may well have been what the artist presented to the commissioners to win the double fresco project.

The Morgan drawing must have been valued and remained an object of interest. It served as the basis for a subsequent drawing that was then engraved by Giulio Bonasone in 1555 as part of Achille Bocchi’s Symbolicarum Quaestionum.⁵ As first noticed by Wanda Bergamini, a drawing of the Arms of Pope Julius III del Monte by Giorgio Vasari in the British Museum, probably made for a projected but never realized villa for Julius III on Monte Sansavino, is surprisingly similar in technique and composition to Niccolò’s drawing at the Morgan.⁶ The allegorical figures in Vasari’s study differ, however, as they are likely Justice and Religion. Moreover, the resemblance between the drawings is probably more due to a common subject than any inherent relationship, for Vasari was in Rome, and Niccolò in Bologna, at the time the drawings were executed.

—REP

Footnotes:

1. Malvasia 1969, 185 (273:27).
2. Zanotti laments the change to the new arms in his 1756 publication, 14.
3. Béguin 1956, passim, and Fortunati 1995.
4. Musée du Louvre, Paris, inv. 5845 (the drawing depicts the entire fresco); see Bologna 1969, no. 40. Musée du Louvre, Paris, inv. 5844 (the drawing depicts only a detail of a single figure); see Paris 1967, no. 1, and Bologna 2002, no. 62.
5. For the print, see Lugli 1979, 90; Rolet 2015, 1:594. The preparatory drawing was sold at Sotheby’s, London, 13 July 1972, lot 23, no. 83.
6. British Museum, London, inv. t,12.7; see Härb 2015, no. 202. Bergamini suggests that the Vasari drawing may have served as a model;see Fortunati Pietrantonio 1986, 283.