We are fortunate in knowing that this Gospel Book was commissioned by Princess Zir Ganela for the monastery of which she was abbess. Ganela entered religious life in her middle age, after a marriage that produced four children. She was the granddaughter of Emperor Amda Seyon I of Ethiopia (r. 1314–1344), the heroic warrior who is sometimes considered to have been the founder of the Ethiopian state. Her father was Newaya Krestos, eldest son of Seyon I and who succeeded him as emperor from 1344 to 1372. Both of her brothers also successively ruled as emperors of Ethiopia: Newaya Maryam from 1372 to 1382, and Dawit I from 1382 to 1413. It was during the latter's reign that Ganela commissioned her Gospels. Like the princess, Dawit also commissioned illuminated manuscripts.
This fifteenth-century book is lushly illuminated with twenty-six full-page miniatures (some illustrating more than one event), eight decorated canon tables, and four incipit leaves. Its energetic scenes are painted in a vivid palette that is dominated by a hot orange and other warm colors. Distinctive among the miniatures are the long suite of illustrations of the life of Christ and the four portraits of the evangelists. The figures throughout are singular for their often upwardly rolled eyes.
Zir Ganela's Gospel Book was one of Belle da Costa Greene's last acquisitions for the Morgan Library, bought the same year she retired. It and other purchases on Greene's part reveal that her taste was quite ahead of its time—illuminations such as those painted in Ganela's Gospels were little appreciated until later in the twentieth century.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Two birds above architectural setting of decorated arch supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied framing text of Prologue of Eusebius; three birds in margin.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and branches above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; two birds, one perched on branch, in margin.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; two birds, one perched on tree, in margin.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing interlace cross, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; two birds, one perched on tree, in margin.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing interlace cross, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; three birds in margin.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; six birds in margins.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and two trees above architectural frame with decorated arch enclosing interlace ornament, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, enclosing two birds with interlocking necks wrapped around tree flanked by four birds.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Birds perched on trees and branches inscribed "Tree of Paradise" (Ge'ez) above architectural frame supported on columns enclosing two large birds with interlocking necks inscribed "Birds that dwell in the midst of the sea" (Ge'ez) and two smaller confronted birds; in left margin, two birds with necks intertwined around staff or tree trunk; in right margin, bird with neck intertwined around staff or tree trunk.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Two frontal peacocks with spread tails inscribed "Peacock" (Ge'ez), two small birds inscribed, double-headed eagle inscribed "Birds that dwell in the midst of the sea" (Ge'ez), and two birds perched on cypress trees before harts inscribed "Gazelle" (Ge'ez) flanking cross-surmounted Tempietto representing Fountain of Life, with conical roof supported by four columns, enclosing three knotted curtains; inscription "Order of the Canons: How the Four Gospels agree with their verses" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Virgin Mary: Annunciation -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing cross-surmounted hanging lamp, Virgin Mary nimbed, veiled, seated on cross-surmounted chair, right hand raised, basket of wool in left hand, approached from right by Archangel Gabriel nimbed, right hand extended, cross-staff in left hand, dove of Holy Ghost descending between them; inscription, "How Gabriel announced to Mary" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Virgin Mary: doubted, Testing with Water -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing cross-surmounted hanging lamp, three male figures, each with right hand raised, beside Joseph the Carpenter and Virgin Mary veiled, both nimbed, right hands on drinking cup; to right, orant female figure; inscription, "How Joseph gave Mary the water of accusation to drink" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Christ: Nativity -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arches with cross-surmounted hanging lamp and two rosettes, Joseph the Carpenter, inscribed "Joseph, the old man" (Ge'ez), nimbed, right hand raised to face, seated on chair behind Virgin Mary nimbed, veiled, seated on mattress?, beside Salome standing, both hands extended toward the Virgin; to right, Christ Child wrapped in swaddling bands, on masonry manger with arched opening, flanked by ox and ass; inscription, "How Our Saviour was born and the ox and the ass warmed Him" (Ge'ez);
2) Shepherds: Journey -- Under arcade, three shepherds, each with rayed nimbus, striding toward left, accompanied by ram; inscription, "Shepherds of sheep, how they brought rams" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Shepherds: Annunciation -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arches, nimbed cherub inscribed "Picture of a cherub" (Ge'ez), cross-staff in each hand, beside shepherd, inscribed "shepherd" (Ge'ez), wearing cap, with right hand playing pipes, holding pedum in left hand; two sheep;
below, 2) Christ Child: Bathing -- Veiled midwife, holding pitcher in right hand, left hand extended to head of Christ Child nimbed, nude, held in lap of Salome inscribed, "Salome, how she washed" (Ge'ez), nimbed, seated on chair; inscription, "How they washed the Child" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Presentation -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross with double traverse, Joseph the Carpenter inscribed "Joseph, how he brought two doves" (Ge'ez), nimbed, holding two doves in draped hands, Simeon nimbed, holding Christ Child cross-nimbed, Virgin Mary inscribed "Mary, Mother of the Child" (Ge'ez), cross on nimbus, right hand extended, and Salome inscribed "Salome, how she marveled" (Ge'ez) orant, cross on garment at wrist; inscription of scene title, "How Simeon took the Child" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Magi: Adoration -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross with double traverse, three Magi, all bearded, wearing pointed headdresses, holding round objects, approach angel nimbed?, right hand extended, and Virgin Mary nimbed, cross on veil, seated on cross-surmounted faldstool, holding Christ Child cross-nimbed; inscription, "How the Magi brought gifts of gold" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Innocents: Massacre -- Herod the Great crowned, seated on cushioned bench, scepter in right hand, left hand extended toward two veiled women, each holding nude child; in background, shelf on which is carafe and glass; inscription, "Herod, how he killed the children" (Ge'ez);
below, three soldiers wearing helmets and armor, two beheading infants with swords, above bodies of seven infants; to right, Rachel inscribed "Rachel, when she wept for her children" (Ge'ez), breasts exposed, orant, weeping.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Baptism -- Dove of Holy Ghost descending toward Christ unnimbed and John Baptist nimbed, right hand on His head, each with bare torso, in Jordan inscribed "tank" (Ge'ez) in which are two large fish, all flanked by two nimbed angels, hands extended; above, two trees with spread branches inscribed "How the branches shaded the Jordan" (Ge'ez); inscription of scene title, "How the voice of the Father came down from heaven as a white dove to the Jordan" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Miracle of Cana -- Christ nimbed, seated on cross-surmounted chair, right hand extended toward six jars inscribed "six water jars" (Ge'ez) indicated by raised right hand of nimbed steward holding vessel; above and below, eight nimbed guests, each holding one or two drinking vessels, two seated on faldstools, two seated on cross-surmounted chairs; inscription, "How Our Lord changed the water into wine in Cana of Galilee" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Transfiguration -- Elias and Moses, each nimbed, bearded, supporting arched frame of icon of half figure of Christ cross-nimbed, right hand raised, book in left hand, supported on back of nimbed angel, bending forward; above, Apostles Peter, James and John, each nimbed; inscription, "How Our Lord went up to Mount Tabor and manifested the sign of His second coming and His disciples became as though lifeless" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Christ: Miracle of raising Lazarus -- Group of nimbed figures surrounding Christ cross-nimbed, roll in right hand, left hand raised toward Mary and Martha, both of Bethany, each nimbed, veiled, one bowing, the other prostrate; to right, nimbed male figures, including one with draped right hand covering nose and left hand indicating Lazarus nimbed, wrapped in grave clothes, another carrying tomb cover; additional nimbed witnesses on fol. 12r;
inscriptions, "How Our Lord raised Lazarus"; "How Mary and Martha prostrated themselves at the feet of Our Lord"; "The Jews who came to console them"; and "How he opens the burial, holding his nose because of the corruption" (all Ge'ez);
below, 2) Christ: Entry into Jerusalem -- Twelve nimbed apostles, one holding cross-staff and swinging cross-surmounted censer, surrounding Christ cross-nimbed, mounted on ass, right hand extended, book in left hand; to right, two youths extending palm branches (scene continued on fol. 12r);
inscriptions, "How they cried Hosana"; "Our Lord riding upon the foal of an ass and He came to Jerusalem with His twelve disciples; and the elders and the children met him carrying branches of palm" (both Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Christ: Miracle of raising Lazarus (continuation of scene from fol. 11v) -- Group of nimbed male witnesses turned in three-quarter pose toward left, some with hand raised;
2) Christ: meeting Zaccheus -- Zaccheus in tree; inscription, "How Zaccheus went up the sycamore tree" (Ge'ez);
3) Christ: Entry into Jerusalem (continuation of scene from fol. 11v) -- Male figure wearing trousers, orant, in palm tree; below, three arches, possibly representing city gate of Jerusalem, enclosing six figures; below, three male figures holding palm branches, two nimbed, one carried on shoulders of the second;
to right, nimbed statue, possibly an idol, headless and armless, nude, beside nimbed male figure inscribed "Levi the Publican" (Ge'ez), arms raised, and nimbed leper, sores on legs, bending forward, extending garment; inscription, "How he took off his garments and spread them" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Washing of Feet -- Christ cross-nimbed, seated on cross-surmounted chair, hands extended toward footed basin inscribed "basin" (Ge'ez), into which Apostle Peter, nimbed, hands extended, seated, extends foot, all surrounded by eleven nimbed apostles, standing, gesturing; inscription, "How Our Lord washed the feet of His disciples" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch, Christ: Arrest -- Two soldiers wearing turbans and armor, grasping ends of rope tied around neck of Christ cross-nimbed, all flanked by two soldiers wearing armor, one holding sheathed sword, the other, exiting to right, holding torch; inscription, "How the guardsmen took Jesus with swords and staves, and divided His garments among them" (Ge'ez) (Christ: Casting of Lots for Garments not represented).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch, Christ: Crucifixion -- Cross with flaring arms (Christ not represented) on mound within which are two stars, flanked by sun and moon, both red, inscribed "The sun and the moon, how they became blood" (Ge'ez), Longinus inscribed "His side was pierced with a spear" (Ge'ez) and Stephaton inscribed "He is given to drink, on a reed, myrrh mingled with gall" (Ge'ez), each wearing trilobed hat and trousers (torsos bare), holding spear,
and by two thieves wearing trousers (torsos bare), bound to crosses, bust of the nimbed Personification of the Soul of the good thief (viewer's left) held by nimbed angel inscribed "Soul of the thief on the right, how the angel of light brought it forth and covered it with his wings" (Ge'ez), and bust of the Personification of the Soul of the bad thief (viewer's right) held by nimbed? angel with one arm and one leg, inscribed "The angel of darkness, how he brought forth the soul of the thief on the left" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross, Christ: Entombment -- Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, both with names inscribed in Ge'ez, nimbed, bearing body of Christ unnimbed, face covered, wrapped in grave cloths, toward tomb with billowing curtain? in opening; above, Personifications of Sun and Moon; below, two sleeping soldiers holding spears and shields, inscribed "The guards of the tomb, how they became lifeless" (Ge'ez); inscription of scene title, "How Joseph and Nicodemus buried Our Lord" (Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross, Christ: Resurrection -- Apostle Peter, Evangelist John wearing hooded garment, Mary Magdalen veiled, Virgin Mary veiled, orant, and Archangel Michael, all nimbed; inscription, "How Our Lord arose from the dead and appeared before Mary Magdalene and St. Michael, and John came ahead of Peter" (Ge'ez) (Christ not represented).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Ascension -- Busts of nimbed angels above half figure of Christ cross-nimbed with white hair and beard as Ancient of Days, right hand raised, roll in left hand, on throne, surrounded by four Beasts of Apocalypse inscribed "Face of a man; face of an eagle; face of an ox; face of lion" (Ge'ez), each nimbed, holding book;
below, Virgin Mary nimbed, cross on veil, orant, standing on pedestal, flanked by twelve nimbed apostles, six looking up, right hands raised, the other six standing, gesturing;
inscriptions, "How Our Lord ascended into heaven" and "Mary raises her hands; the twelve Apostles, how they watched Him ascend into heaven" (both Ge'ez).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Nimbed male saint, beardless, standing, holding staff in right hand.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist Matthew inscribed "Picture of Saint Matthew" (Ge'ez), nimbed, holding pen in right hand and book inscribed "Saint Matthew" (Ge'ez) in left hand, seated on cross-surmounted chair before three vessels, and lectern attached to the framing column.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Two confronted birds above decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of Matthew.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist Mark inscribed "Picture of Saint Mark" (Ge'ez), nimbed, holding pen in right hand and tablet in left hand, seated on cross-surmounted chair before four vessels, and lectern attached to the framing column.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of Mark.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist Luke inscribed "Picture of Saint Luke" (Ge'ez), nimbed, pen in right hand held to mouth, and tablet in left hand on lectern attached to the framing column, seated on cross-surmounted chair; three vessels.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of Luke.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist John, nimbed, beardless, standing, cross-staff in right hand, book in raised left hand, standing beside two shelves on which are vessels and lectern attached to the framing column.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of John.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948