Zir Ganela Gospels (MS M.828)
We are fortunate in knowing that this Gospel Book was commissioned by Princess Zir Ganela for the monastery of which she was abbess. Ganela entered religious life in her middle age, after a marriage that produced four children. She was the granddaughter of Emperor Amda Seyon I of Ethiopia (r. 1314–1344), the heroic warrior who is sometimes considered to have been the founder of the Ethiopian state. Her father was Newaya Krestos, eldest son of Seyon I and who succeeded him as emperor from 1344 to 1372. Both of her brothers also successively ruled as emperors of Ethiopia: Newaya Maryam from 1372 to 1382, and Dawit I from 1382 to 1413. It was during the latter's reign that Ganela commissioned her Gospels. Like the princess, Dawit also commissioned illuminated manuscripts.
This fifteenth-century book is lushly illuminated with twenty-six full-page miniatures (some illustrating more than one event), eight decorated canon tables, and four incipit leaves. Its energetic scenes are painted in a vivid palette that is dominated by a hot orange and other warm colors. Distinctive among the miniatures are the long suite of illustrations of the life of Christ and the four portraits of the evangelists. The figures throughout are singular for their often upwardly rolled eyes.
Zir Ganela's Gospel Book was one of Belle da Costa Greene's last acquisitions for the Morgan Library, bought the same year she retired. It and other purchases on Greene's part reveal that her taste was quite ahead of its time—illuminations such as those painted in Ganela's Gospels were little appreciated until later in the twentieth century.
Zir Ganela Gospels
Ethiopia, 1400–1401
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
MS M.828
Thumbnails
001. MS M.828, front cover
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
002. MS M.828, inside front cover
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
003. MS M.828, front endleaf 1 recto (numbered i).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
004. MS M.828, front endleaf 1 verso
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
005. MS M.828, front endleaf 2 recto (numbered ii).
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
006. MS M.828, front endleaf 2 verso
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
007. MS M.828, fol. 1r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Two birds above architectural setting of decorated arch supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied framing text of Prologue of Eusebius; three birds in margin.
008. MS M.828, fol. 1v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and branches above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; two birds, one perched on branch, in margin.
009. MS M.828, fol. 2r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; two birds, one perched on tree, in margin.
010. MS M.828, fol. 2v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing interlace cross, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; two birds, one perched on tree, in margin.
011. MS M.828, fol. 3r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing interlace cross, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied.
012. MS M.828, fol. 3v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; three birds in margin.
013. MS M.828, fol. 4r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds in branches and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied.
014. MS M.828, fol. 4v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and two trees above architectural frame of Canon Table with decorated arch enclosing equal-armed cross in medallion, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied; six birds in margins.
015. MS M.828, fol. 5r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Vase flanked by birds and two trees above architectural frame with decorated arch enclosing interlace ornament, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, enclosing two birds with interlocking necks wrapped around tree flanked by four birds.
016. MS M.828, fol. 5v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Birds perched on trees and branches inscribed "Tree of Paradise" (Ge'ez) above architectural frame supported on columns enclosing two large birds with interlocking necks inscribed "Birds that dwell in the midst of the sea" (Ge'ez) and two smaller confronted birds; in left margin, two birds with necks intertwined around staff or tree trunk; in right margin, bird with neck intertwined around staff or tree trunk.
017. MS M.828, fol. 6r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Two frontal peacocks with spread tails inscribed "Peacock" (Ge'ez), two small birds inscribed, double-headed eagle inscribed "Birds that dwell in the midst of the sea" (Ge'ez), and two birds perched on cypress trees before harts inscribed "Gazelle" (Ge'ez) flanking cross-surmounted Tempietto representing Fountain of Life, with conical roof supported by four columns, enclosing three knotted curtains; inscription "Order of the Canons: How the Four Gospels agree with their verses" (Ge'ez).
018. MS M.828, fol. 6v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Virgin Mary: Annunciation -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing cross-surmounted hanging lamp, Virgin Mary nimbed, veiled, seated on cross-surmounted chair, right hand raised, basket of wool in left hand, approached from right by Archangel Gabriel nimbed, right hand extended, cross-staff in left hand, dove of Holy Ghost descending between them; inscription, "How Gabriel announced to Mary" (Ge'ez).
019. MS M.828, fol. 7r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Virgin Mary: doubted, Testing with Water -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing cross-surmounted hanging lamp, three male figures, each with right hand raised, beside Joseph the Carpenter and Virgin Mary veiled, both nimbed, right hands on drinking cup; to right, orant female figure; inscription, "How Joseph gave Mary the water of accusation to drink" (Ge'ez).
020. MS M.828, fol. 7v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Christ: Nativity -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arches with cross-surmounted hanging lamp and two rosettes, Joseph the Carpenter, inscribed "Joseph, the old man" (Ge'ez), nimbed, right hand raised to face, seated on chair behind Virgin Mary nimbed, veiled, seated on mattress?, beside Salome standing, both hands extended toward the Virgin; to right, Christ Child wrapped in swaddling bands, on masonry manger with arched opening, flanked by ox and ass; inscription, "How Our Saviour was born and the ox and the ass warmed Him" (Ge'ez);
2) Shepherds: Journey -- Under arcade, three shepherds, each with rayed nimbus, striding toward left, accompanied by ram; inscription, "Shepherds of sheep, how they brought rams" (Ge'ez).
021. MS M.828, fol. 8r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Shepherds: Annunciation -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arches, nimbed cherub inscribed "Picture of a cherub" (Ge'ez), cross-staff in each hand, beside shepherd, inscribed "shepherd" (Ge'ez), wearing cap, with right hand playing pipes, holding pedum in left hand; two sheep;
below, 2) Christ Child: Bathing -- Veiled midwife, holding pitcher in right hand, left hand extended to head of Christ Child nimbed, nude, held in lap of Salome inscribed, "Salome, how she washed" (Ge'ez), nimbed, seated on chair; inscription, "How they washed the Child" (Ge'ez).
022. MS M.828, fol. 8v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Presentation -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross with double traverse, Joseph the Carpenter inscribed "Joseph, how he brought two doves" (Ge'ez), nimbed, holding two doves in draped hands, Simeon nimbed, holding Christ Child cross-nimbed, Virgin Mary inscribed "Mary, Mother of the Child" (Ge'ez), cross on nimbus, right hand extended, and Salome inscribed "Salome, how she marveled" (Ge'ez) orant, cross on garment at wrist; inscription of scene title, "How Simeon took the Child" (Ge'ez).
023. MS M.828, fol. 9r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Magi: Adoration -- Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross with double traverse, three Magi, all bearded, wearing pointed headdresses, holding round objects, approach angel nimbed?, right hand extended, and Virgin Mary nimbed, cross on veil, seated on cross-surmounted faldstool, holding Christ Child cross-nimbed; inscription, "How the Magi brought gifts of gold" (Ge'ez).
024. MS M.828, fol. 9v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Innocents: Massacre -- Herod the Great crowned, seated on cushioned bench, scepter in right hand, left hand extended toward two veiled women, each holding nude child; in background, shelf on which is carafe and glass; inscription, "Herod, how he killed the children" (Ge'ez);
below, three soldiers wearing helmets and armor, two beheading infants with swords, above bodies of seven infants; to right, Rachel inscribed "Rachel, when she wept for her children" (Ge'ez), breasts exposed, orant, weeping.
025. MS M.828, fol. 10r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Baptism -- Dove of Holy Ghost descending toward Christ unnimbed and John Baptist nimbed, right hand on His head, each with bare torso, in Jordan inscribed "tank" (Ge'ez) in which are two large fish, all flanked by two nimbed angels, hands extended; above, two trees with spread branches inscribed "How the branches shaded the Jordan" (Ge'ez); inscription of scene title, "How the voice of the Father came down from heaven as a white dove to the Jordan" (Ge'ez).
026. MS M.828, fol. 10v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Miracle of Cana -- Christ nimbed, seated on cross-surmounted chair, right hand extended toward six jars inscribed "six water jars" (Ge'ez) indicated by raised right hand of nimbed steward holding vessel; above and below, eight nimbed guests, each holding one or two drinking vessels, two seated on faldstools, two seated on cross-surmounted chairs; inscription, "How Our Lord changed the water into wine in Cana of Galilee" (Ge'ez).
027. MS M.828, fol. 11r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Transfiguration -- Elias and Moses, each nimbed, bearded, supporting arched frame of icon of half figure of Christ cross-nimbed, right hand raised, book in left hand, supported on back of nimbed angel, bending forward; above, Apostles Peter, James and John, each nimbed; inscription, "How Our Lord went up to Mount Tabor and manifested the sign of His second coming and His disciples became as though lifeless" (Ge'ez).
028. MS M.828, fol. 11v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Christ: Miracle of raising Lazarus -- Group of nimbed figures surrounding Christ cross-nimbed, roll in right hand, left hand raised toward Mary and Martha, both of Bethany, each nimbed, veiled, one bowing, the other prostrate; to right, nimbed male figures, including one with draped right hand covering nose and left hand indicating Lazarus nimbed, wrapped in grave clothes, another carrying tomb cover; additional nimbed witnesses on fol. 12r;
inscriptions, "How Our Lord raised Lazarus"; "How Mary and Martha prostrated themselves at the feet of Our Lord"; "The Jews who came to console them"; and "How he opens the burial, holding his nose because of the corruption" (all Ge'ez);
below, 2) Christ: Entry into Jerusalem -- Twelve nimbed apostles, one holding cross-staff and swinging cross-surmounted censer, surrounding Christ cross-nimbed, mounted on ass, right hand extended, book in left hand; to right, two youths extending palm branches (scene continued on fol. 12r);
inscriptions, "How they cried Hosana"; "Our Lord riding upon the foal of an ass and He came to Jerusalem with His twelve disciples; and the elders and the children met him carrying branches of palm" (both Ge'ez).
029. MS M.828, fol. 12r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
1) Christ: Miracle of raising Lazarus (continuation of scene from fol. 11v) -- Group of nimbed male witnesses turned in three-quarter pose toward left, some with hand raised;
2) Christ: meeting Zaccheus -- Zaccheus in tree; inscription, "How Zaccheus went up the sycamore tree" (Ge'ez);
3) Christ: Entry into Jerusalem (continuation of scene from fol. 11v) -- Male figure wearing trousers, orant, in palm tree; below, three arches, possibly representing city gate of Jerusalem, enclosing six figures; below, three male figures holding palm branches, two nimbed, one carried on shoulders of the second;
to right, nimbed statue, possibly an idol, headless and armless, nude, beside nimbed male figure inscribed "Levi the Publican" (Ge'ez), arms raised, and nimbed leper, sores on legs, bending forward, extending garment; inscription, "How he took off his garments and spread them" (Ge'ez).
030. MS M.828, fol. 12v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Washing of Feet -- Christ cross-nimbed, seated on cross-surmounted chair, hands extended toward footed basin inscribed "basin" (Ge'ez), into which Apostle Peter, nimbed, hands extended, seated, extends foot, all surrounded by eleven nimbed apostles, standing, gesturing; inscription, "How Our Lord washed the feet of His disciples" (Ge'ez).
031. MS M.828, fol. 13r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch, Christ: Arrest -- Two soldiers wearing turbans and armor, grasping ends of rope tied around neck of Christ cross-nimbed, all flanked by two soldiers wearing armor, one holding sheathed sword, the other, exiting to right, holding torch; inscription, "How the guardsmen took Jesus with swords and staves, and divided His garments among them" (Ge'ez) (Christ: Casting of Lots for Garments not represented).
032. MS M.828, fol. 13v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
033. MS M.828, fol. 14r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch, Christ: Crucifixion -- Cross with flaring arms (Christ not represented) on mound within which are two stars, flanked by sun and moon, both red, inscribed "The sun and the moon, how they became blood" (Ge'ez), Longinus inscribed "His side was pierced with a spear" (Ge'ez) and Stephaton inscribed "He is given to drink, on a reed, myrrh mingled with gall" (Ge'ez), each wearing trilobed hat and trousers (torsos bare), holding spear,
and by two thieves wearing trousers (torsos bare), bound to crosses, bust of the nimbed Personification of the Soul of the good thief (viewer's left) held by nimbed angel inscribed "Soul of the thief on the right, how the angel of light brought it forth and covered it with his wings" (Ge'ez), and bust of the Personification of the Soul of the bad thief (viewer's right) held by nimbed? angel with one arm and one leg, inscribed "The angel of darkness, how he brought forth the soul of the thief on the left" (Ge'ez).
034. MS M.828, fol. 14v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross, Christ: Entombment -- Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, both with names inscribed in Ge'ez, nimbed, bearing body of Christ unnimbed, face covered, wrapped in grave cloths, toward tomb with billowing curtain? in opening; above, Personifications of Sun and Moon; below, two sleeping soldiers holding spears and shields, inscribed "The guards of the tomb, how they became lifeless" (Ge'ez); inscription of scene title, "How Joseph and Nicodemus buried Our Lord" (Ge'ez).
035. MS M.828, fol. 15r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Under architectural setting of trefoil arch enclosing hanging lamp surmounted by cross, Christ: Resurrection -- Apostle Peter, Evangelist John wearing hooded garment, Mary Magdalen veiled, Virgin Mary veiled, orant, and Archangel Michael, all nimbed; inscription, "How Our Lord arose from the dead and appeared before Mary Magdalene and St. Michael, and John came ahead of Peter" (Ge'ez) (Christ not represented).
036. MS M.828, fol. 15v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Christ: Ascension -- Busts of nimbed angels above half figure of Christ cross-nimbed with white hair and beard as Ancient of Days, right hand raised, roll in left hand, on throne, surrounded by four Beasts of Apocalypse inscribed "Face of a man; face of an eagle; face of an ox; face of lion" (Ge'ez), each nimbed, holding book;
below, Virgin Mary nimbed, cross on veil, orant, standing on pedestal, flanked by twelve nimbed apostles, six looking up, right hands raised, the other six standing, gesturing;
inscriptions, "How Our Lord ascended into heaven" and "Mary raises her hands; the twelve Apostles, how they watched Him ascend into heaven" (both Ge'ez).
037. MS M.828, fol. 16r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Nimbed male saint, beardless, standing, holding staff in right hand.
038. MS M.828, fol. 16v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist Matthew inscribed "Picture of Saint Matthew" (Ge'ez), nimbed, holding pen in right hand and book inscribed "Saint Matthew" (Ge'ez) in left hand, seated on cross-surmounted chair before three vessels, and lectern attached to the framing column.
039. MS M.828, fol. 17r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Two confronted birds above decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of Matthew.
040. MS M.828, fol. 17v
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041. MS M.828, fol. 18r
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042. MS M.828, fol. 18v
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043. MS M.828, fol. 19r
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044. MS M.828, fol. 19v
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045. MS M.828, fol. 20r
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115. MS M.828, fol. 55r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
116. MS M.828, fol. 55v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
117. MS M.828, fol. 56r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
118. MS M.828, fol. 56v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
119. MS M.828, fol. 57r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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120. MS M.828, fol. 57v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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121. MS M.828, fol. 58r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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122. MS M.828, fol. 58v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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123. MS M.828, fol. 59r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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124. MS M.828, fol. 59v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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125. MS M.828, fol. 60r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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126. MS M.828, fol. 60v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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127. MS M.828, fol. 61r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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128. MS M.828, fol. 61v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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129. MS M.828, fol. 62r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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130. MS M.828, fol. 62v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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131. MS M.828, fol. 63r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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132. MS M.828, fol. 63v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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133. MS M.828, fol. 64r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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134. MS M.828, fol. 64v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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135. MS M.828, fol. 65r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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136. MS M.828, fol. 65v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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137. MS M.828, fol. 66r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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138. MS M.828, fol. 66v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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139. MS M.828, fol. 67r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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140. MS M.828, fol. 67v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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141. MS M.828, fol. 68r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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142. MS M.828, fol. 68v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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143. MS M.828, fol. 69r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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144. MS M.828, fol. 69v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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145. MS M.828, fol. 70r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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146. MS M.828, fol. 70v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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147. MS M.828, fol. 71r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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148. MS M.828, fol. 71v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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149. MS M.828, fol. 72r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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150. MS M.828, fol. 72v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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151. MS M.828, fol. 73r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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152. MS M.828, fol. 73v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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153. MS M.828, fol. 74r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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154. MS M.828, fol. 74v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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155. MS M.828, fol. 75r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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156. MS M.828, fol. 75v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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157. MS M.828, fol. 76r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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158. MS M.828, fol. 76v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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159. MS M.828, fol. 77r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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160. MS M.828, fol. 77v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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161. MS M.828, fol. 78r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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162. MS M.828, fol. 78v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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163. MS M.828, fol. 79r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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164. MS M.828, fol. 79v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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165. MS M.828, fol. 80r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
166. MS M.828, fol. 80v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist Mark inscribed "Picture of Saint Mark" (Ge'ez), nimbed, holding pen in right hand and tablet in left hand, seated on cross-surmounted chair before four vessels, and lectern attached to the framing column.
167. MS M.828, fol. 81r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of Mark.
168. MS M.828, fol. 81v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
169. MS M.828, fol. 82r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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170. MS M.828, fol. 82v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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171. MS M.828, fol. 83r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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172. MS M.828, fol. 83v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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173. MS M.828, fol. 84r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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174. MS M.828, fol. 84v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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175. MS M.828, fol. 85r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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176. MS M.828, fol. 85v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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177. MS M.828, fol. 86r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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178. MS M.828, fol. 86v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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179. MS M.828, fol. 87r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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180. MS M.828, fol. 87v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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181. MS M.828, fol. 88r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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182. MS M.828, fol. 88v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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183. MS M.828, fol. 89r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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184. MS M.828, fol. 89v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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185. MS M.828, fol. 90r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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186. MS M.828, fol. 90v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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187. MS M.828, fol. 91r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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188. MS M.828, fol. 91v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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189. MS M.828, fol. 92r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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190. MS M.828, fol. 92v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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191. MS M.828, fol. 93r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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192. MS M.828, fol. 93v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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193. MS M.828, fol. 94r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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194. MS M.828, fol. 94v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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195. MS M.828, fol. 95r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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196. MS M.828, fol. 95v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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197. MS M.828, fol. 96r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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198. MS M.828, fol. 96v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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199. MS M.828, fol. 97r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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200. MS M.828, fol. 97v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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201. MS M.828, fol. 98r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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202. MS M.828, fol. 98v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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203. MS M.828, fol. 99r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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204. MS M.828, fol. 99v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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205. MS M.828, fol. 100r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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206. MS M.828, fol. 100v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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207. MS M.828, fol. 101r
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208. MS M.828, fol. 101v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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209. MS M.828, fol. 102r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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210. MS M.828, fol. 102v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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211. MS M.828, fol. 103r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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212. MS M.828, fol. 103v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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213. MS M.828, fol. 104r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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214. MS M.828, fol. 104v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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215. MS M.828, fol. 105r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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216. MS M.828, fol. 105v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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217. MS M.828, fol. 106r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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218. MS M.828, fol. 106v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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219. MS M.828, fol. 107r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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220. MS M.828, fol. 107v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
221. MS M.828, fol. 108r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
222. MS M.828, fol. 108v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist Luke inscribed "Picture of Saint Luke" (Ge'ez), nimbed, pen in right hand held to mouth, and tablet in left hand on lectern attached to the framing column, seated on cross-surmounted chair; three vessels.
223. MS M.828, fol. 109r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of Luke.
224. MS M.828, fol. 109v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
225. MS M.828, fol. 110r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
226. MS M.828, fol. 110v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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227. MS M.828, fol. 111r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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228. MS M.828, fol. 111v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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229. MS M.828, fol. 112r
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230. MS M.828, fol. 112v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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231. MS M.828, fol. 113r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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232. MS M.828, fol. 113v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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233. MS M.828, fol. 114r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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234. MS M.828, fol. 114v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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235. MS M.828, fol. 115r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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236. MS M.828, fol. 115v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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237. MS M.828, fol. 116r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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238. MS M.828, fol. 116v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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239. MS M.828, fol. 117r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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240. MS M.828, fol. 117v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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241. MS M.828, fol. 118r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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242. MS M.828, fol. 118v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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243. MS M.828, fol. 119r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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244. MS M.828, fol. 119v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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245. MS M.828, fol. 120r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
246. MS M.828, fol. 120v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
247. MS M.828, fol. 121r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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248. MS M.828, fol. 121v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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249. MS M.828, fol. 122r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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250. MS M.828, fol. 122v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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251. MS M.828, fol. 123r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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252. MS M.828, fol. 123v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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253. MS M.828, fol. 124r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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254. MS M.828, fol. 124v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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255. MS M.828, fol. 125r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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256. MS M.828, fol. 125v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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257. MS M.828, fol. 126r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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258. MS M.828, fol. 126v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
259. MS M.828, fol. 127r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
260. MS M.828, fol. 127v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
261. MS M.828, fol. 128r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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262. MS M.828, fol. 128v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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263. MS M.828, fol. 129r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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264. MS M.828, fol. 129v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
265. MS M.828, fol. 130r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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266. MS M.828, fol. 130v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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267. MS M.828, fol. 131r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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268. MS M.828, fol. 131v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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269. MS M.828, fol. 132r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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270. MS M.828, fol. 132v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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271. MS M.828, fol. 133r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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272. MS M.828, fol. 133v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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273. MS M.828, fol. 134r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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274. MS M.828, fol. 134v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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275. MS M.828, fol. 135r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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276. MS M.828, fol. 135v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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277. MS M.828, fol. 136r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
278. MS M.828, fol. 136v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
279. MS M.828, fol. 137r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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280. MS M.828, fol. 137v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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281. MS M.828, fol. 138r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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282. MS M.828, fol. 138v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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283. MS M.828, fol. 139r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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284. MS M.828, fol. 139v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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285. MS M.828, fol. 140r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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286. MS M.828, fol. 140v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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287. MS M.828, fol. 141r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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288. MS M.828, fol. 141v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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289. MS M.828, fol. 142r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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290. MS M.828, fol. 142v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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291. MS M.828, fol. 143r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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292. MS M.828, fol. 143v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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293. MS M.828, fol. 144r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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294. MS M.828, fol. 144v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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295. MS M.828, fol. 145r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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296. MS M.828, fol. 145v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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297. MS M.828, fol. 146r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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298. MS M.828, fol. 146v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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299. MS M.828, fol. 147r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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300. MS M.828, fol. 147v
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301. MS M.828, fol. 148r
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302. MS M.828, fol. 148v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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303. MS M.828, fol. 149r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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304. MS M.828, fol. 149v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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305. MS M.828, fol. 150r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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306. MS M.828, fol. 150v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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307. MS M.828, fol. 151r
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308. MS M.828, fol. 151v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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309. MS M.828, fol. 152r
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310. MS M.828, fol. 152v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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311. MS M.828, fol. 153r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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312. MS M.828, fol. 153v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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313. MS M.828, fol. 154r
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314. MS M.828, fol. 154v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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315. MS M.828, fol. 155r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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316. MS M.828, fol. 155v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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317. MS M.828, fol. 156r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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318. MS M.828, fol. 156v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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319. MS M.828, fol. 157r
Zir Ganela Gospels
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320. MS M.828, fol. 157v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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321. MS M.828, fol. 158r
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322. MS M.828, fol. 158v
Zir Ganela Gospels
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323. MS M.828, fol. 159r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
324. MS M.828, fol. 159v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
325. MS M.828, fol. 160r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
326. MS M.828, fol. 160v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
327. MS M.828, fol. 161r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
328. MS M.828, fol. 161v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
329. MS M.828, fol. 162r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
330. MS M.828, fol. 162v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
331. MS M.828, fol. 163r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
332. MS M.828, fol. 163v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
333. MS M.828, fol. 164r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
334. MS M.828, fol. 164v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Within architectural setting of decorated arch inscribed within rectangle, supported on columns to outside of which curtains are tied, Evangelist John, nimbed, beardless, standing, cross-staff in right hand, book in raised left hand, standing beside two shelves on which are vessels and lectern attached to the framing column.
335. MS M.828, fol. 165r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
Decorated rectangular frame, quartered, enclosing beginning of Gospel of John.
336. MS M.828, fol. 165v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
337. MS M.828, fol. 166r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
338. MS M.828, fol. 166v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
339. MS M.828, fol. 167r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
340. MS M.828, fol. 167v
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
341. MS M.828, fol. 168r
Zir Ganela Gospels
Purchased on the Lewis Cass Ledyard Fund, 1948
342. MS M.828, fol. 168v
Zir Ganela Gospels